Material Selection:

• Carbon Steel: Commonly used for low-temperature and low-pressure applications.
• Alloy Steel: Used for high-temperature and high-pressure applications.
• Stainless Steel: Used for corrosive environments and high-temperature applications.
• Non-Ferrous Metals: Used for specific applications, such as copper alloys for condensate piping.

Design Stresses and Allowable Stresses:

• Stress Analysis: The design must ensure that the stresses in the piping system are within allowable limits.
• Allowable Stresses: The ASME® B31.1 Code provides allowable stresses for different materials and temperature ranges.

Piping Supports:

• Piping supports must be designed to adequately support the weight of the piping and the loads imposed by thermal expansion and contraction.
• Supports should be spaced to minimize stress and vibration.

Pipe Sizing:

• Pipe size is determined based on flow rate, pressure drop, and velocity considerations.
• The ASME® B31.1 Code provides guidelines for pipe sizing.

Valves and Fittings:

• Valves and fittings must be selected based on the pressure, temperature, and fluid service.
• The ASME® B16 series of standards provides specifications for valves, fittings, and flanges.

Welding and Inspection:

• Welding procedures must be qualified, and welders must be certified.
• Non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques, such as radiography, ultrasonic testing, and magnetic particle inspection, must be used to verify the quality of welds.

Insulation and Corrosion Control:

• Proper insulation can reduce heat loss and prevent condensation.
• Corrosion control measures, such as coatings and cathodic protection, may be required.